Nutrient |
Range of Deficiency Rates |
Vitamin A |
11-23%4-6 |
Vitamin C |
43-47%5 |
Vitamin D |
60-90%2,4,7,8 |
Vitamin E |
2-23%4,9,10 |
Vitamin K |
No Data |
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) |
2-47%2,4,5 |
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) |
No Data |
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) |
6%9 |
Vitamin B6 |
2-64%5,9,10 |
Folate/Folic Acid |
0-55%4-6,9-11 |
Vitamin B12 |
2-30%2,4,5,9,11 |
Biotin |
No Data |
Pantothenic Acid |
No Data |
Iron Markers: |
|
Iron |
19-45%2,4-6,11 |
Ferritin |
2-24%2,5,6,9,11 |
Hemoglobin |
4-22%2,5,9,11 |
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) |
8-19%5,11 |
Calcium |
<1%11 |
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) (marker of bone loss) |
10-48%5,7,9,11 |
Iodine |
No Data |
Magnesium |
5%9 |
Zinc |
Up to 74%4,6,9 |
Selenium |
33%-58%6,9 |
Copper |
Up to 70%4 |
Manganese |
No Data |
Chromium |
No Data |
Molybdenum |
No Data |
Phosphate/Phosphorus |
2-8%9,11 |